Investigation of the Gas Atoms Interaction with BC Nanotube

In this article we represent the theoretical research of the sorption properties for two types of boroncarbon nanotubes (BCNTs) using the scheme of an ionic-built covalent-cyclic cluster model and MNDO quantum chemical method. We investigated the process of Cl, O, F sorption on the surface of single-walled BC nanotubes arm-chair type. The optimal geometry of the sorption complexes and the sorption energy values have been obtained

Contracts in Practice

Contracts are a form of lightweight formal specification embedded in the program text. Being executable parts of the code, they encourage programmers to devote proper attention to specifications, and help maintain consistency between specification and implementation as the program evolves. The present study investigates how contracts are used in the practice of software development. Based on an extensive empirical analysis of 21 contract-equipped Eiffel, C#, and Java projects totaling more than 260 million lines of code over 7700 revisions, it explores, among other questions: 1) which kinds of contract elements (preconditions, postconditions, class invariants) are used more often; 2) how contracts evolve over time; 3) the relationship between implementation changes and contract changes; and 4) the role of inheritance in the process. It has found, among other results, that: the percentage of program elements that include contracts is above 33% for most projects and tends to be stable over time; there is no strong preference for a certain type of contract element; contracts are quite stable compared to implementations; and inheritance does not significantly affect qualitative trends of contract usage

The International Cancer Expert Corps: A Unique Approach for Sustainable Cancer Care in Low and Lower-Middle Income Countries

The growing burden of non-communicable diseases including cancer in low- and lower-middle income countries (LMICs) and in geographic-access limited settings within resource-rich countries requires effective and sustainable solutions. The International Cancer Expert Corps (ICEC) is pioneering a novel global mentorship–partnership model to address workforce capability and capacity within cancer disparities regions built on the requirement for local investment in personnel and infrastructure. Radiation oncology will be a key component given its efficacy for cure even for the advanced stages of disease often encountered and for palliation. The goal for an ICEC Center within these health disparities settings is to develop and retain a high-quality sustainable workforce who can provide the best possible cancer care, conduct research, and become a regional center of excellence. The ICEC Center can also serve as a focal point for economic, social, and healthcare system improvement. ICEC is establishing teams of Experts with expertise to mentor in the broad range of subjects required to establish and sustain cancer care programs. The Hubs are cancer centers or other groups and professional societies in resource-rich settings that will comprise the global infrastructure coordinated by ICEC Central. A transformational tenet of ICEC is that altruistic, human-service activity should be an integral part of a healthcare career. To achieve a critical mass of mentors ICEC is working with three groups: academia, private practice, and senior mentors/retirees. While in-kind support will be important, ICEC seeks support for the career time dedicated to this activity through grants, government support, industry, and philanthropy. Providing care for people with cancer in LMICs has been a recalcitrant problem. The alarming increase in the global burden of cancer in LMICs underscores the urgency and makes this an opportune time fornovel and sustainable solutions to transform cancer care globally

SENSOR PROPERTIES OF CARBOXYL- MODIFIED CARBON NANOTUBES

This paper studies the sensor activity of carboxyl-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes (zig-zag, armchair type) to atoms and ions of alkali metals Na, Li, K. The mechanism of the carboxyl binding to the open border of the semi-infinite carbon nanotube is investigated. Calculations of the interaction processes between the sensor and sample alkali atoms and alkaline ions are performed. The process of scanning a sample surface site with atoms of metals under consideration is modeled and the functional carboxyl group chemical activity is defined. The research is performed by the MNDO method within the framework of the molecular cluster model and DFT method

Periodic Benefit–Risk Evaluation Report: A Review of Changes

A periodic benefit–risk evaluation report (PBRER) is a retrospective evaluation document enabling marketing authorisation holders to present the results of a critical analysis of the benefit–risk ratio of a medicinal product. PBRER submission and content requirements changed with the adoption of the second edition of the Guideline on Good Pharmacovigilance Practice of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU GVP Guideline) in 2022.The aim of the study was to analyse the changes to the EAEU GVP Guideline requirements for the submission procedure and the content of PBRERs.The authors analysed the main changes concerning the procedure for submitting PBRERs on multi-source and well-established medicinal products, herbal and homoeopathic medicines. The authors evaluated the updated requirements for the content of PBRER sections. The analysis identified no significant changes in the aim and concept of PBRERs.The results of the analysis described in this article will help marketing authorisation holders improve the quality of PBRERs and ensure compliance with the new requirements of the EAEU GVP Guideline

Robustness Testing of Intermediate Verifiers

Program verifiers are not exempt from the bugs that affect nearly every piece of software. In addition, they often exhibit brittle behavior: their performance changes considerably with details of how the input program is expressed-details that should be irrelevant, such as the order of independent declarations. Such a lack of robustness frustrates users who have to spend considerable time figuring out a tool's idiosyncrasies before they can use it effectively. This paper introduces a technique to detect lack of robustness of program verifiers; the technique is lightweight and fully automated, as it is based on testing methods (such as mutation testing and metamorphic testing). The key idea is to generate many simple variants of a program that initially passes verification. All variants are, by construction, equivalent to the original program; thus, any variant that fails verification indicates lack of robustness in the verifier. We implemented our technique in a tool called "mugie", which operates on programs written in the popular Boogie language for verification-used as intermediate representation in numerous program verifiers. Experiments targeting 135 Boogie programs indicate that brittle behavior occurs fairly frequently (16 programs) and is not hard to trigger. Based on these results, the paper discusses the main sources of brittle behavior and suggests means of improving robustness

РАЗВИТИЕ НАУЧНОГО НАСЛЕДИЯ Э.И. КОЛБАСИНОЙ ПО ИНТРОДУКЦИИ НЕТРАДИЦИОННЫХ КУЛЬТУР В ЦЕНТРАЛЬНЫЙ РЕГИОН РФ

The main direction of half a century of scientific activity of Dr. biol. of Sc. E.I. Kolbasina were the introduction of the Central Region of the Russian the Far Eastern and the study of fruit lianas: Actinidia and Schisandrachinensis.Основным направлением полувековой научной деятельности доктора биол. наук Э.И. Колбасиной были интродукция в Центральный регион РФ дальневосточных плодовых лиан: актинидии и лимонника китайского и их изучение

Нейроэндокринные опухоли мочевыделительной системы: обзор литературы

Most often, neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is found in the gastrointestinal tract, broncho-pulmonary system, but they can also occur in other organs, such as the kidney, bladder, which is of most interest because of the rarity of this pathology. Until recently, there was not even a proper morphological classification for kidney NEC, and among some histological types, such as large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the kidney, only about 7 cases were recorded, and independent bladder carcinoids, about 15 cases. Currently, there are no clinical and morphological features of the NEC of the kidney and bladder, fundamentally distinguishing them from other neuroendocrine tumors and “classic” cancer of the same localization. This article also provides the data of the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology on the incidence of all malignant neoplasms of the urinary system.Наиболее часто нейроэндокринные неоплазии (neuroendocrine carcinoma, NEC) встречаются в желудочно-кишечном тракте и бронхолегочной системе, однако могут возникать и в других органах, таких как почки, мочевой пузырь, что представляет большой интерес ввиду редкости этих новообразований. До недавнего времени отсутствовала морфологическая классификация NEC почки. Среди некоторых гистологических типов, например таких как крупноклеточная нейроэндокринная карцинома почки, зафиксировано всего 7 случаев, а самостоятельных высокодифференцированных нейроэндокринных карцином мочевого пузыря – 15. В настоящее время не существует клинических и морфологических особенностей NEC почки и мочевого пузыря, принципиально отличающих их от других нейроэндокринных опухолей и «классического» рака той же локализации. В настоящей статье представлены сравнительные данные НМИЦ онкологии им Н. Н. Блохина по заболеваемости NEC и другими злокачественными новообразованиями мочевыделительной системы

Influence of Strong Acoustic Anisotropy on Reflection of Bulk Acoustic Waves in Crystals

Propagation and reflection of plane elastic waves in the acousto-optic crystals tellurium dioxide and calomel as well as in the ferroelectric material barium titanate is examined in the paper. The reflection of the waves from a free and flat boundary separating the crystal and the vacuum is investigated in the (001) planes of $TeO_2$, $Hg_2Cl_2$, and $BaTiO_3$ in the case of glancing acoustic incidence on the boundary. The analysis shows that as much as two elastic waves may be reflected from the crystal surface. Energy flow of one of the reflected waves in paratellurite and calomel propagates in a quasi-back direction with respect to the incident energy flow, so that both energy flows are separated by an angle as narrow as a few degrees. It is found that a relative intensity of the unusually reflected wave in the acousto-optic crystals may be close to a unit in a wide variety of crystal cuts. Possible applications of the examined phenomena in acousto-optic devices are discussed in the presentation